• Delegate Representatives (DReps)

    Delegate Representatives (DReps) on Cardano are participants in the network’s on-chain governance system, particularly under the Voltaire era, which introduces governance and treasury features. DReps play a key role by representing ADA holders in governance decisions. Here’s a breakdown of their function: By introducing DReps, Cardano enhances decentralized governance by ensuring that even if individual…

  • State Channels

    State channels are a type of Layer-2 scaling solution that allow participants to conduct multiple off-chain transactions, only recording the final result of those transactions on the main blockchain. This helps improve scalability and efficiency by reducing the load on the main blockchain, while still maintaining the security and decentralization provided by the underlying blockchain.…

  • Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Stake (NIPoPoS)

    Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Stake (NIPoPoS) are cryptographic protocols designed to allow a party (the prover) to demonstrate to another party (the verifier) that a certain blockchain is following a valid proof-of-stake (PoS) protocol without requiring interaction between the two parties or access to the entire blockchain history. NIPoPoS are particularly useful in situations where a…

  • Multi-signature Transactions

    Multi-signature transactions on Cardano are transactions that require approval from multiple parties (or signatures) to be valid and executed. This feature ensures that a specific set of conditions is met before funds can be transferred or certain actions can be taken, adding an extra layer of security and collaboration. These transactions are useful in scenarios…

  • Native Scripts

    Native scripts are simpler, non-Turing-complete scripting solutions on Cardano. They are used primarily for multi-signature transactions and simple, pre-defined logic that does not require complex computation. Native scripts are processed directly by the Cardano ledger and have limited functionality compared to Plutus scripts. Key Characteristics: Example Use Cases: Example: A simple native script could require…

  • Plutus Scripts

    Plutus scripts are more powerful and flexible, allowing for Turing-complete smart contracts on the Cardano blockchain. They are based on the Plutus platform, which uses Haskell, a functional programming language. Plutus scripts enable more complex logic and programmability compared to native scripts. Key Characteristics: Use Cases: Example Use Case: A Plutus script could define a…

  • Blockchain Explorers

    Blockchain explorers are websites or online tools that provide detailed information about the activities and transactions happening on a blockchain. These platforms allow users to search, view, and analyze blockchain data in a transparent and accessible way. Blockchain explorers serve as a public window into the blockchain, providing insights into blocks, transactions, addresses, smart contracts,…

  • Fixed Monetary Policy

    Fixed monetary policy refers to a predefined, unchangeable supply of a currency that limits the total amount that can ever be created. Once the maximum supply is reached, no additional units of the currency can be issued, ensuring that the total supply remains fixed permanently. This approach contrasts with traditional fiat currencies, where central banks…

  • KMZ Sidechains

    KMZ Sidechains refer to a specific sidechain design proposed for the Cardano blockchain. The name “KMZ” comes from the authors of the research paper that describes them: Kiayias, Miller, and Zindros. The goal of KMZ sidechains is to enable secure and scalable communication between the main blockchain (like Cardano) and sidechains, which are independent blockchains…

  • Turing-complete Programming Language

    A Turing-complete programming language is a type of computational system that can simulate any algorithm or computation, given enough time and memory. In other words, if a programming language is Turing-complete, it means that it can solve any problem that a Turing machine (a theoretical model of computation invented by Alan Turing) can solve, provided…