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What is a 51% attack?
A 51% attack is a type of attack on a blockchain where a single entity or group of entities gains control of more than 50% of the network’s computational power (in a Proof of Work system) or stake (in a Proof of Stake system). With this majority control, the attacker can manipulate the blockchain in…
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Determinism
Determinism on Cardano refers to the property where the outcome of transactions and smart contracts can be predicted with certainty before they are executed on the blockchain. This is a key feature of Cardano’s Extended UTXO (eUTxO) model and is different from other blockchain models, such as Ethereum’s account-based system, where the outcome of a…
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Layer-2 Scaling Solution
A Layer-2 scaling solution on Cardano refers to an additional protocol or network that is built on top of Cardano’s main blockchain (Layer-1) to enhance its transaction throughput, reduce fees, and improve efficiency without altering the underlying blockchain’s security or decentralization. These Layer-2 solutions are designed to handle more transactions and computational tasks off the…
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Zero Knowledge (ZK) Rollups
Zero Knowledge (ZK) Rollups are a type of Layer 2 scaling solution designed to improve the transaction throughput of a blockchain while maintaining security and decentralization. Although ZK Rollups are most commonly associated with Ethereum, they can also be applied to other blockchains, including Cardano. They are particularly effective in reducing congestion and lowering transaction…
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Hydra Heads
In Cardano’s Hydra protocol, Hydra heads are off-chain environments or “channels” where a group of participants can conduct transactions independently from the main Cardano blockchain. These heads allow participants to perform fast, cheap, and secure transactions among themselves without needing to constantly interact with the main chain. The Hydra Head protocol aims to enhance the…
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Cardano’s Hydra
Hydra is a layer-2 scaling solution designed for the Cardano blockchain to significantly enhance its transaction throughput and efficiency. As the Cardano ecosystem grows with decentralized applications (dApps), decentralized finance (DeFi), and other blockchain-based services, the demand for higher scalability, low fees, and faster transaction processing increases. Hydra addresses these needs by enabling the blockchain…
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What are scalability solutions on Cardano?
Cardano has developed several scalability solutions to increase its transaction throughput, reduce latency, and ensure that the network can grow to accommodate a large number of users and decentralized applications (dApps). Here are the key scalability solutions in the Cardano ecosystem: 1. Hydra (Layer-2 Scaling Solution) 2. Block Size Increases 3. Ouroboros Consensus Algorithm 4.…
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Hard Fork
A hard fork on Cardano refers to a significant upgrade to the blockchain protocol that introduces new features or changes how the network operates, requiring all participants (nodes) to update to the new version. Unlike traditional hard forks that can split a blockchain into two separate chains, Cardano’s hard forks use a unique Hard Fork…
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Plutus Platform
Plutus is Cardano’s native programming language designed specifically for writing smart contracts on the Cardano blockchain. Plutus enables developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) that are secure, scalable, and efficient. It provides the foundation for building and deploying complex logic on the Cardano blockchain, enabling a wide range of applications from decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms…
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Cryptocurrency Staking
Cryptocurrency staking is a process where individuals participate in the operation of a blockchain network by locking up a certain amount of their cryptocurrency in a wallet to support various functions of the network, such as transaction validation, security, and consensus. In return for staking their cryptocurrency, participants, often referred to as “stakers” or “validators,”…
