In Haskell, functions are first-class citizens, meaning they are treated like any other value in the language. This foundational feature of Haskell’s design makes it a powerful and expressive functional programming language. Understanding first-class functions is key to unlocking Haskell’s potential and mastering functional programming concepts. What Does “First-Class Functions” Mean? When we say “functions…

Haskell is a purely functional language, meaning that functions are expected to be “pure” and behave in predictable ways without side effects. This concept of purity is central to Haskell and has profound implications for how programs are written, understood, and maintained. Haskell also has a function called pure, which is part of the Applicative…

Polymorphism, in programming, allows functions and data types to operate in a generalized way, enabling flexibility and reusability in code. Haskell, a purely functional language, provides powerful forms of polymorphism that enable functions to handle various types and allow developers to write concise, elegant code. This article will delve into the types of polymorphism in…

Haskell is a lazy programming language, meaning it delays computations until their results are actually needed. This approach, known as lazy evaluation, allows Haskell to evaluate expressions “on demand,” which can lead to powerful optimizations, efficiency improvements, and unique ways of handling infinite data structures. However, laziness also has its own challenges, particularly when it…

In Haskell, working with files and streams is an essential skill for reading and writing data. Haskell’s approach to file handling is slightly different from imperative languages, due to its focus on functional programming and immutability. To manage files and streams, Haskell provides a set of I/O functions that allow you to read, write, and…

In Haskell, input and output (I/O) work a bit differently than in imperative languages. Since Haskell is a purely functional language, functions are expected to be pure, meaning they should produce the same output given the same input and have no side effects. However, input and output inherently involve side effects, which poses a unique…

Functional programming (FP) languages like Haskell, Erlang, and certain aspects of languages like Scala and Swift emphasize immutability—a concept where data cannot be modified after it is created. Instead of altering data, new data structures are created to represent updated information. This article explores why immutability is central to functional programming, its advantages, and its…

In Haskell, efficient data management is key, and the Data.Map module provides a powerful way to store and operate on key-value pairs. If you’re working on tasks involving lookups, associations, or any map-like structure, Data.Map is your go-to library. It offers a variety of functions to create, update, and query maps, all while providing efficient…

Lambda expressions, also known as anonymous functions, are a core feature of functional programming languages like Haskell. They provide a concise way to create functions without naming them, which can be incredibly useful for short-lived functions or when you need to pass a function as an argument. In this article, we’ll dive into what lambdas…